The historical grievances of Ngāti Manawa relate primarily to the New Zealand wars, the Crown’s actions and omissions in respect of the operation and impact of the Native Land Laws, the Crown’s landpurchasing techniques, particularly in respect of land they wished to retain, and twentieth-century land, river and forestry development.

An account of the historical background agreed between the Crown and Ngāti Manawa is included in the Deed of Settlement, along with acknowledgments of Crown breaches of the Treaty of Waitangi and a Crown Apology for those breaches. Te Tatau Pounamu are gifts from the Crown that symbolise the forgiveness of Ngāti Manawa of the Crown’s breaches of the Treaty.

The Crown recognised the mandate of Te Rūnanga o Ngāti Manawa to negotiate a settlement on behalf of Ngāti Manawa to settle their historical Treaty claims on 18 November 2003. The Crown signed Terms of Negotiation with Te Rūnanga on 7 May 2004. On 25 June 2008 Ngāti Manawa signed the Central North Island Deed of Settlement, which records the agreement of the CNI Forests Iwi Collective and the Crown to settle the historical CNI Forests Land claims.

On 18 September 2008 the Crown and Ngāti Manawa signed an Agreement in Principle. A Deed of Settlement based on this agreement was initialled on 22 October 2009. The Deed was ratified by the members of Ngāti Manawa and signed on 12 December 2009.

The Deed of Settlement will be implemented following the passage of settlement legislation.

Te Rūnanga is led by William Bird (Chair). The Minister for Treaty of Waitangi Negotiations, Hon Christopher Finlayson, represented the Crown in high-level negotiations with Ngāti Manawa, as did his predecessors Hon Dr Michael Cullen, Hon Mark Burton and Hon Margaret Wilson.

The historical grievances of Ngāti Manawa relate primarily to the New Zealand wars, the Crown’s actions and omissions in respect of the operation and impact of the Native Land Laws, the Crown’s landpurchasing techniques, particularly in respect of land they wished to retain, and twentieth-century land, river and forestry development.

An account of the historical background agreed between the Crown and Ngāti Manawa is included in the Deed of Settlement, along with acknowledgments of Crown breaches of the Treaty of Waitangi and a Crown Apology for those breaches. Te Tatau Pounamu are gifts from the Crown that symbolise the forgiveness of Ngāti Manawa of the Crown’s breaches of the Treaty.

The Crown recognised the mandate of Te Rūnanga o Ngāti Manawa to negotiate a settlement on behalf of Ngāti Manawa to settle their historical Treaty claims on 18 November 2003. The Crown signed Terms of Negotiation with Te Rūnanga on 7 May 2004. On 25 June 2008 Ngāti Manawa signed the Central North Island Deed of Settlement, which records the agreement of the CNI Forests Iwi Collective and the Crown to settle the historical CNI Forests Land claims.

On 18 September 2008 the Crown and Ngāti Manawa signed an Agreement in Principle. A Deed of Settlement based on this agreement was initialled on 22 October 2009. The Deed was ratified by the members of Ngāti Manawa and signed on 12 December 2009.

The Deed of Settlement will be implemented following the passage of settlement legislation.

Te Rūnanga is led by William Bird (Chair). The Minister for Treaty of Waitangi Negotiations, Hon Christopher Finlayson, represented the Crown in high-level negotiations with Ngāti Manawa, as did his predecessors Hon Dr Michael Cullen, Hon Mark Burton and Hon Margaret Wilson.

This redress provides for recognition of the traditional, historical, cultural and spiritual association of Ngāti Manawa with places and sites owned by the Crown within their area of interest. This allows Ngāti Manawa and the Crown to protect and enhance the cultural and conservation values associated with these sites, and includes:

Sites vested in Te Rūnanga o Ngāti Manawa

• The vesting in fee simple of:
  • Oruatewehi pā;
  • Kiorenui kāinga;
  • Kakarahonui kāinga;
  • Karamuramu (Fort Galatea); and
  • Motumako.

These sites total 744 hectares, 646 of which are situated in licensed Crown
forest land. The latter will be allocated from the Crown’s share of Central
North Island forests assets.

• The vesting in fee simple of the following wähi tapu sites:
  • Te Ana a Maru (rare rock art site)
  • Tututarata papakainga and pā
  • Pekepeke pā and pou rāhui
  • Puketapu pā and battle site
  • Pukemoremore
  • Ngatamawahine nohoanga
  • Kaiwhatiwhati pā and battle site
  • Ahiweka pā and wāhi tapu
  • Ahiwhakamura kainga and pou rähui.
• The vesting in fee simple, subject to a lease back to the Ministry of Education, of:
  • Murupara School
  • Galatea School
  • Te Kura Kaupapa Motuhake o Tāwhiuau

An additional four sites will be vested jointly in Te Rünanga o Ngāti Manawa and Te Rūnanga o Ngāti Whare:

• Te Tāpiri pā;
• Okarea pā;
• Te Rake pā; and
• Hinamoki pā (battle site).

The jointly vested sites will be set apart as Māori reservations. Undivided half shares of the fee simple estate in the sites will vest in the Ngāti Whare governance entity and an undivided half share will vest in the Ngāti Manawa governance entity as tenants in common. The sites will be registered in the names of Ngāti Whare and Ngāti Manawa’s eponymous ancestors, Wharepakau and Tangiharuru respectively.

Statutory acknowledgements

Statutory Acknowledgements register the special association Ngāti Manawa has with an area, and will be included in the settlement legislation. Statutory Acknowledgements are recognised under the Resource Management Act 1991 and the Historic Places Act 1993. The acknowledgements require that consent authorities provide Ngāti Manawa with summaries of all resource consent applications that may affect the areas named in the acknowledgements.

• There will be Statutory Acknowledgements over five sites:
  • Pukehinau
  • Te Kōhua
  • Otairi
  • Moerangi
  • Tawhaitari
• And over the following waterways within the Ngāti Manawa Area of Interest:
  • the Rangitaikī River
  • the Whirinaki River
  • the Horomanga River
  • the Wheao River

Statutory Acknowledgements are non-exclusive redress, meaning more than one iwi can have a Statutory Acknowledgement over the same site.

Overlay classifications and transfer and gift back of Tāwhiuau

An overlay classification, to be known as Ahikāroa, will apply to the maunga (mountain) Tāwhiuau, located in Te Urewera National Park. Ahikāroa will include Te Rourou, located on the slopes of Tāwhiuau.

The overlay classification acknowledges the Ngāti Manawa’s spiritual, cultural, historical and traditional values in respect of the site; maintains the existing land status; and requires the Department of Conservation to have certain procedural obligations that provide for the Ngāti Manawa to have input into management of the site to avoid harming or diminishing the values applicable to the area.

Under the terms of the transfer and gift back the fee simple estate of Tāwhiuau will transfer to Ngāti Manawa for a period of seven days at a time that Ngāti Manawa elects. Following that period Tāwhiuau will transfer automatically to the Crown as a gift from Ngāti Manawa to all the people of New Zealand for its continued inclusion within the Urewera National Park.

Deeds of recognition

Deeds of Recognition oblige the Crown to consult with Ngāti Manawa and have regard to their views regarding the special association Ngāti Manawa have with a site. They also specify the nature of the input of Ngāti Manawa into management of those areas by the Department of Conservation.

A Deed of Recognition will be made between Ngāti Manawa and the Crown in relation to Pukehinau and Te Kōhua.

Place names

Two place names will be altered by the settlement legislation:

• Lake Aniwhenua will be changed to Lake Āniwaniwa; and
• Aniwhenua Falls will be changed to Āniwaniwa Falls.

Special projects

The Deed of Settlement will provide for the Crown to pay $2.6 million to Ngāti Manawa to fund special projects nominated by Ngāti Manawa and the gifting of the three school sites.

River redress

River redress includes:

• Ngāti Manawa’s right of first refusal over five freshwater fish species, should they ever be introduced into the Quota Management System;
• the appointment of Te Rünanga o Ngāti Manawa as a fisheries advisory committee to the Ministers of Conservation and Fisheries;
• Ngāti Manawa input into the management processes for freshwater fisheries and their habitats under the Conservation and Fisheries protocols;
• facilitation of meetings between Ngati Manawa, the Crown, Environment Bay of Plenty and energy industry representatives to discuss dam issues; and
• Deeds of Recognition over the Rangitaiki, Horomanga, Wheao and Whirinaki rivers.

Rangitaiki River redress

The Deed of Settlement provides a framework for reaching agreement on a management system for the Rangitaiki River. The framework will be developed in detail post-Deed and will include:

• the establishment of a river forum (which may include representatives of the regional authority, other river iwi and other river users), and
• an agreement on the activities and membership of the river forum.

The development and implementation of this framework will involve ongoing engagement between Ngāti Manawa and the Crown, with other iwi in the region, local authorities and other parties with interests in the River.

Recognition of relationship

The Deed provides for an acknowledgement by the Crown of the cultural, spiritual, historic and traditional association of Ngāti Manawa with pou rähui sites in Crown ownership within Ngāti Manawa’s area of interest where no other redress is provided. These sites mark traditional iwi boundaries.

The placement of pou rāhui does not indicate an exclusive boundary or interest nor will it affect the allocation of CNI forests land under the CNI Forests Land Collective Act 2008.

Protocols

The Deed of Settlement provides for certain Ministers to issue protocols that set out how their respective agencies will interact with and consult Ngāti Manawa when carrying out statutory duties and functions. The protocols have been tailored to reflect the aspirations of Ngāti Manawa. These Ministers are:

• Minister of Fisheries;
• Minister of Conservation;
• Minister of Energy and Resources; and
• Minister for Arts, Culture and Heritage.

Letters of introduction

The Deed of Settlement will provide for the Minister for Treaty of Waitangi Negotiations to write to the following Ministers and entities outlining Ngāti Manawa aspirations in relation to their duties and functions and inviting them to establish an ongoing relationship with Ngāti Manawa:

• Minister of Commerce;
• Minister of Social Development;
• Minister of Health;
• Minister of Agriculture and Forestry;
• Board of Te Papa Tongarewa / Museum of New Zealand;
• Minister of Education; and
• Board of the Historic Places Trust.

The Deed also provides for annual meetings with the Ministry for the Environment.

Ngāti Manawa are a party to the Central North Island Deed of Settlement with the Crown and other Central North Island iwi and hapū with interests in CNI Forests Land. Ngāti Manawa’s commercial and financial interests in that land have been addressed through the CNI Deed of Settlement.

Ngāti Manawa also negotiated the following for inclusion in their comprehensive settlement:

• interest on the principle amount of $12.2 million generated from 25 June 2008 (the date of the signing of the CNI Deed of Settlement) to 1 July 2009 (the CNI settlement date);
• the opportunity to purchase, at market value, four properties from the Office of Treaty Settlements’ landbank;
• the opportunity to purchase, at market value, five Crown owned properties as deferred selected properties; and
• the opportunity to purchase, at market value, one Crown owned property if it become surplus within a period of up to 50 years from Settlement Date, through a Right of First Refusal.